Being an indispensable product inside our daily lives, aluminum foils has long been greatly employed in various sectors including construction, transportation, pharmacy and food items processing, and so on. The natural way, practically absolutely everyone living in this up to date modern society is very common with aluminum foil. At the same time, many a large number of firms are wanting to embark on the road of managing aluminum foil wholesale since they see that an enormous number of aluminum foil suppliers and distributors have currently manufactured income from aluminum foil business enterprise. But, have you at any time assumed with regards to the market place prospect of aluminum from the upcoming ten years? The following we shall probe into this from your following points.
To begin with, aluminum foil is provided having a fantastic numerous appealing characteristics and interesting rewards. On the list of most significant benefits of aluminum foil is the fact that it can be used to secure items from humidity and heat. Aside from, aluminum foil displays superb corrosion-resistant property and gas barrier house. Most significantly, when compared with other kinds of supplies, aluminum foil capabilities incredibly good sealing capacity and outstanding defend effectiveness. As a result of the big positive aspects and remarkable options of buy household aluminum foil, we think that aluminum foil are going to be recognized by additional plus much more people within the near future. Certainly, there will be described as a spectacular rise in the quantity of aluminum foil individuals as time goes on.
The second thing is, there exists a large demand from customers for aluminum foil within the whole sector. Equally as talked about over, aluminum foil reveals an incredible quite a few appealing pros and unique features. By natural means, there will be an incredibly significant demand for aluminum foil from numerous sectors and sectors including meals processing, design, pharmacy, gift processing and packaging, and so forth. In the event you take a instant to take a look at distinct sorts of merchandise obtainable that you can buy with your nearby city, you might surely learn that practically all of them adopt aluminum foil. What's a lot more, a lot more industries will reap the benefits of aluminum foil when they figure out the good functionality of aluminum coil supplier.
In the end, aluminum foil has superior growth possibilities. On one particular hand, relevant technologies and procedures employed for aluminum foil production and processing have already been more and much more mature in recent times. Compared with previously, relevant technologies and tactics regarding aluminum foil weren't so mature. Consequently, aluminum foil was so high-priced that it could only be used in confined high-end merchandizes. However, currently the output value of aluminum foil has been decreased dramatically, which makes it achievable for aluminum foil market to develop easily in the next 10 years.
Inside of a phrase, in look at of the above-mentioned factors, we consider that there'll become a developing current market for aluminum foil while in the next handful of ages. Hence, individuals who are working with household aluminum foil for sale could have terrific options to create revenue.
Thursday, August 23, 2012
Usage Of Glass Bal Lens Increases Your ROI In More Ways Than One
You would surely be surprised to get acquainted with the fact that Butterfly Valve glass ball lens are crafted out from excellent and first rate raw materials. These are fabricated using the most contemporary and avant-garde technologies to be put to use in a plethora of industrial applications. Some of the industries which put these glass ball lenses to maximal usage are: - the chemical industry, electronics industry, pharmacy industry, etc. They are brought into play as fiber optic connectors and ball check valves.
Apart from these quintessential contrivances, some other resourceful and precision tolls which are increasingly becoming all the rage are Jewel bearings, Ruby orifice and feed through insulator such as Sapphire insulator, Ruby insulator, etc. What make this glass ball lens more popular are their extraordinary and amazing physical properties. For starters they have very high refractive index, which helps them increase the overall efficiency. Then they have scratch resistance which is second to none.
The glass ball lens also has a very hard surface which increases their Butterfly Valve longevity and reduces the down time of the machinery in which they are used. Did I mention it earlier, that they also have low density and wonderful electrical insulation properties, which definitely make them the most sought after tolls for industrial usage? Their escalated transmission rates are further escalated by coating them with an extra layer of anti Reflection coat. If we were to discern ball lenses in accordance to classifications, we will stumble upon two broad categories namely half ball lenses and ball lenses.
The competence of the Glass ball lens can never be doubted upon as they have emerged as one of the most ahead of its time contrivances which are finding applications in an assortment of industries. Bringing these ball lenses into play also makes certain that you will cut costs dramatically when it comes down to the wear and tear of the machineries which uses them; this is because the life span or longevity of these balls is very high and you will have to less often replace them.
Ruby orifice is yet another tool which finds widespread usage in industrial applications. Some of the major applications, where ruby orifice is used are: - Paper-Pulp Industry, Gas burners, Air cushions, air jets, food processing industry, Medical applications, Valve seats, Cleaning Nozzles, Ink Jets, water jets and a lot more. You can also custom tailor your tool to make sure that they fit your unique requirements.
Apart from these quintessential contrivances, some other resourceful and precision tolls which are increasingly becoming all the rage are Jewel bearings, Ruby orifice and feed through insulator such as Sapphire insulator, Ruby insulator, etc. What make this glass ball lens more popular are their extraordinary and amazing physical properties. For starters they have very high refractive index, which helps them increase the overall efficiency. Then they have scratch resistance which is second to none.
The glass ball lens also has a very hard surface which increases their Butterfly Valve longevity and reduces the down time of the machinery in which they are used. Did I mention it earlier, that they also have low density and wonderful electrical insulation properties, which definitely make them the most sought after tolls for industrial usage? Their escalated transmission rates are further escalated by coating them with an extra layer of anti Reflection coat. If we were to discern ball lenses in accordance to classifications, we will stumble upon two broad categories namely half ball lenses and ball lenses.
The competence of the Glass ball lens can never be doubted upon as they have emerged as one of the most ahead of its time contrivances which are finding applications in an assortment of industries. Bringing these ball lenses into play also makes certain that you will cut costs dramatically when it comes down to the wear and tear of the machineries which uses them; this is because the life span or longevity of these balls is very high and you will have to less often replace them.
Ruby orifice is yet another tool which finds widespread usage in industrial applications. Some of the major applications, where ruby orifice is used are: - Paper-Pulp Industry, Gas burners, Air cushions, air jets, food processing industry, Medical applications, Valve seats, Cleaning Nozzles, Ink Jets, water jets and a lot more. You can also custom tailor your tool to make sure that they fit your unique requirements.
Tuesday, August 21, 2012
Fall Protection
Anchor Point - A secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards, or deceleration devices. An anchorage must be capable of supporting a minimum dead weight of five thousand (5,000) pounds (2,268 kilograms) for each person attached to it. An anchor point is often a beam, girder, column, or floor.
Competent Person - Any Supervisor who has been trained to inspect fall-arresting equipment such as horizontal and vertical lifelines.
Lanyard - A rope (nylon or steel cable) suitable for supporting one person.
Lifeline - A vertically suspended rope with one end attached to a stationary object (such as a structural member), capable of supporting at least five thousand (5000) pounds (2,268 kilograms) of dead weight and the other end attached to a lanyard or safety harness.
Qualified Inspector - Any experienced craftsperson or Supervisor who has demonstrated to Project/Site Management his or her ability and competency to inspect equipment.
Retractable Lifeline - A fall-arrest device that allows free travel, without slack rope, but locks instantly when a fall begins. Retractable lifelines may be used, but horizontal movement must be limited.
Rope Grabs (Fall-Arrester) - Automatic lifeline devices that act by inertia (resistance to movement) to grab the lifeline if a fall occurs. Rope grabs are used when vertical movement is required, such as work from boatswain chairs or suspended scaffolds.
Safety Harness - A safety harness is an approved design of straps which may be secured about the employee's body in a manner to distribute the fall-arrest forces over at least the thighs, pelvis, waist, chest, and shoulders, with a means for attaching it to other components of a personal fall-arrest system.
Static Line or Catenary Line - A cable or rope strung horizontally and/or vertically from one substantial object to another, providing a means of traveling between those two objects while maintaining fall protection between those objects.
Structural/Substantial Object - Any object to which a lifeline or lanyard may be attached that will support five thousand (5000) pounds (2,268 kilograms) of dead weight.
SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO FALL HAZARD MANAGEMENT
1. Fall Elimination
The first step in this approach is to assess the workplace and the work itself in the earliest design/engineering stages of the Project/Site and during the planning stages of all work. The objective is to eliminate all fall hazards. This assessment of the Project/Site and the work not only helps eliminate hazards but also identifies alternative approaches to the work that can measurably enhance productivity.
Addressing fall protection in the early phases of a Project/Site means that safety can be designed into the work process. For example, the Project/Site can be designed so that anchorages for securing fall-arrest systems are provided at strategic locations throughout the Project/Site, thus improving safety and lowering costs.
2. Fall Prevention
The second step in continuous fall protection also requires assessing the workplace and work processes.
If fall hazards cannot be completely eliminated during the first step, management must take a proactive approach to the prevention of falls by improving the workplace. Early installation of stairs, guardrails, barriers, and travel restriction systems can ensure a safe work environment.
3. Fall Arresting
The third step, the last line of defense against falls, is to use fall-arresting equipment. Use fall-arresting equipment, however, ONLY after determining that potential falls cannot be eliminated by changing work procedures or the workplace. Equipment such as harnesses, lanyards, shock absorbers, fall-arresters, lifelines, anchorages, and safety nets can reduce the risk of injury if a fall occurs. Carefully assess the workplace and work processes to select the most appropriate equipment and to install and use it correctly.
PREPARING WRITTEN FALL PROTECTION PLANS
Fall protection plans shall be prepared for elevated work if fall hazards exist. Where fall hazards are significant, the plans should be in writing. Project/Site Management is responsible for determining which jobs require written plans. The requirement for written plans should be included in all applicable contracts.
Consult your Safety Director/Manager for assistance in developing written plans.
DESIGN INSTALLATION OF FACILITIES
Engineering should include fall hazard management in all designs and should consider the following:
o Providing equipment that will allow facilities to be operated from grade level or an approved platform or maintenance access.
o Using methods of construction that allow equipment to be connected/installed while on the ground to eliminate elevated work.
o In cases where elevated work is necessary, installing fall prevention devices such as rails on the workpieces while on the ground to facilitate fall prevention.
o Specifying and insisting that fabricators supply permanent stairs and guardrails before steel is erected.
In this way, the stairs and steel can be erected simultaneously, improving not only safety, but also efficiency. Employees will have safe access and egress, and the necessity of climbing temporary ladders will be reduced or eliminated.
If fall hazard elimination or prevention is not available, identify or install engineered anchor points to facilitate the use of fall-arresting equipment during construction and future maintenance of the facility.
TRAINING
All personnel performing work at elevated positions shall meet the following requirements:
o must be trained in the use, inspection, and maintenance of fall-arrest systems;
o must demonstrate competency in initial training;
o must undergo refresher training as required by changes in the workplace and/or equipment, or as other events indicate that refresher training may be required.
PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES
When working at an elevation of six (6) feet (1.8 meters) or more above grade, floor, or approved work surfaces such as platforms and scaffolds, or when working in an area where a fall potential of greater Gate Valve than six (6) feet (1.8 meters) exists, employees will utilize a full-body harness with a roper means of attachment.
If traversing at an elevation, employees must be tied off at all times, which may require utilizing either two (2) independent shock-absorbing lanyards or a dual (Y) lanyard with a shock-absorbing device.
FULL-BODY HARNESS
All Contractors/Subcontractors will provide full-body harnesses meeting ANSI (American National Standards Institute). Safety belts are NOT allowed for fall protection.
Standard full-body harnesses are not designed for a combined personnel and tool weight in excess of three hundred (300) pounds (137 kilograms). Personnel weighing more than three hundred (300) pounds (137 kilograms), with tools, must consult the Project/Site Safety Representative prior to using fall-arresting equipment.
LANYARDS
Lanyards must meet the following requirements:
o Maximum length of a lanyard is six (6) feet (1.8 meters) in length, and it must be equipped with selflocking hooks on each end.
o The lanyard must be equipped with shock absorber.
o Snap hooks must be of a double-locking design to prevent accidental disengagement. When not in use, the lanyard must be secured and attached to the harness to prevent tripping or snagging.
o The lanyard must not be dragged.
o The lanyard must not be hooked back into itself unless designed for that purpose.
o Knots must not be tied in a lanyard. This will reduce the strength of the lanyard.
ANCHOR POINTS
Anchor points may be an existing structure, a pipe, or a temporary or permanent engineered device such as an installed eyebolt, slide rail, or cable arrangement (e.g., static line). These anchor points must be inspected daily prior to use, by a qualified inspector. Engineered anchor points must be inspected by a competent person.
Anchor points for lanyards/harnesses and vertical lifelines must meet the following requirements:
o be able to safely support one person falling six (6) feet (1.8 meters);
o be installed in a manner that prevents accidental disengagement from support structures;
o be inspected by a competent person on a periodic basis;
o be placed where attachment and detachment can be done without causing loss of balance;
o be placed above shoulder height to reduce fall distance; and
o be free of sharp edges to avoid cutting the lanyard.
The following are examples of anchor points for individuals using harnesses, lanyards or vertical lifelines:
Adequate For Use
o structural beams six (6) inches (15.24 centimeters) or greater in depth for one (1) or more people;
o pipes four (4) inches (10.16 centimeters) or greater for one (1) person;
o pipes six (6) inches (15.24 centimeters) or greater for two (2) people;
o fixed permanent ladder rails and clips for one (1) person;
o permanent platform handrail post below midrail for one (1) person.
Not Adequate For Use
o platform or scaffold handrails (except as noted above);
o scaffold ladders;
o conduit/instruments;
o any part of a valve; and
o ladder cages and rungs.
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL LIFELINES
Horizontal lifelines must be installed and used according to manufacturer's specifications. The following guidelines should also be followed:
o Softeners must be used where lifelines contact sharp edges, such as beam flanges.
o Temporary lifelines must be removed at the completion of a job.
o Anchor points, connectors, and other system components must be capable of safely supporting one (1) person falling six (6) feet (1.8 meters).
o A vertical lifeline shall be used by only one (1) person at a time.
NOTE!!! Horizontal and vertical lifelines must be inspected and maintained by a competent person on a daily basis.
ROPE GRAB
The rope grab must be used with a rope that meets or exceeds the following requirements:
o Rope grab size must match rope size;
o Minimum diameter of five-eighths (5/8) inch (1.59 centimeters) rope;
o Made of polypropylene, nylon, or polyester;
o Minimum tensile strength of five thousand (5,000) pounds (2,268 kilograms); and
o When rope grabs are used with wire rope, it must be a complete system. (Rope grab must be designed for a specific type and size of wire rope.)
RETRACTABLE LIFELINES
A retractable lifeline is a fall-arresting device used in conjunction with other components of a fall-arrest system. A retractable lifeline should be used by only one (1) person at a time.
A properly inspected and maintained retractable lifeline, when correctly installed and used within the fall arrest system, automatically stops a person's descent a short distance after the onset of an accidental fall.
Retractable lifelines should be considered for use when working in areas such as roofs and scaffolds, tanks, towers, vessels, and manholes. Also, retractable lifelines should be considered when climbing such equipment as vertical fixed ladders and telescoping derricks.
Before using a retractable lifeline, the Supervisor and/or the user must address the following:
o Has the user been trained to use a retractable lifeline correctly?
o Is the retractable lifeline being used in conjunction with a complete fall-arrest system?
o Is the equipment under a regular maintenance program?
Other considerations include:
o DO NOT USE ROPE.
o Attach self-retracting devices using shackles or carabiner.
o Equipment must be hung up or placed loosely in a clean, dry area when storing.
FALL-ARRESTING EQUIPMENT INSPECTION
Project/Site Management must ensure that documented monthly inspections are completed on all fallarresting equipment, including Gate Valve harnesses, lanyards, lifelines, and anchor points.
The inspector shall complete Form S31-2, Fall-Arresting Equipment Inspection Report, and forward the completed form to the Project/Site Safety Office or the designated person.
Prior to each use, a visual inspection shall be made of the safety harness, lifeline, and lanyard(s) by the employee who will be wearing and using the equipment.
All components of a fall-protection system must be tagged and inspected on a determined frequency. For devices that require additional certification, the devices shall be returned to the manufacturer or designated representative at the specified intervals for certification. These inspections must be documented.
If a fall should occur, Project/Site Management must perform the following:
o Remove affected fall-arresting equipment from service.
o Have the equipment inspected and approved by the manufacturer's representative, prior to returning the equipment to service.
If the equipment is unfit for further use, cut up the equipment and discard.
Inspections must be conducted in the following manner:
Webbing/Ropes/Harnesses/Lanyards/Cables
These items must be checked for the following:
o Beginning at one end, six (6) inches (15.24 centimeters) to eight (8) inches (20.32 centimeters) of the harness/lanyard must be bent into a U-shape. This helps reveal worn, cut, frayed, burned, or damaged fibers. Both splices and all straps along the entire length must be checked.
o Webbing must be carefully checked at attachment points to buckles and "D" rings.
o The shock-absorbing section of the lanyard must be checked for ripped stitches.
o The harness/lanyard must be checked for broken/frayed strands.
Buckles/"D" Rings/Connectors/Retractalock/Ropelock
These items must be checked for the following:
o rough, sharp edges;
o corrosion;
o dents or distortion; and
o freely moving parts.
NOTE!!! Also ensure that the clasp on the Ropelock or cable on the Retractalock stops with a quick pull.
Snap Hooks (Gate Locking Keepers/Gate Keeper Spring/Connectors)
These items must be checked for the following:
o Snap hooks must be double-locking and must move freely.
o Snap hooks must be checked for gaps in closure, sharp edges, burrs, distortion, cracks, corroded surfaces, and pitted surfaces.
Labels Each harness and lanyard must have a label that displays the manufacturing date. If the date is more than five (5) years from the current date, the harness or lanyard must be destroyed and a new one obtained.
WORK PRACTICES
The following are special requirements associated with working at elevated locations or while using fall arresting equipment:
o Workers must avoid climbing on equipment such as pumps, exchangers, valve hand wheels, transformers, electric motors, handrails, structures, or any other facilities not specifically designed for climbing.
o Climbing on conduit, cable trays, or other similar equipment is not permitted. Climbing of vertical beams is not permitted.
o Workers must not climb a ladder while another person is above or below on the same ladder.
Fall protection shall be utilized consistent with the specific exemptions and clarifications listed in the Fall Hazard Management Requirements Guide.
Competent Person - Any Supervisor who has been trained to inspect fall-arresting equipment such as horizontal and vertical lifelines.
Lanyard - A rope (nylon or steel cable) suitable for supporting one person.
Lifeline - A vertically suspended rope with one end attached to a stationary object (such as a structural member), capable of supporting at least five thousand (5000) pounds (2,268 kilograms) of dead weight and the other end attached to a lanyard or safety harness.
Qualified Inspector - Any experienced craftsperson or Supervisor who has demonstrated to Project/Site Management his or her ability and competency to inspect equipment.
Retractable Lifeline - A fall-arrest device that allows free travel, without slack rope, but locks instantly when a fall begins. Retractable lifelines may be used, but horizontal movement must be limited.
Rope Grabs (Fall-Arrester) - Automatic lifeline devices that act by inertia (resistance to movement) to grab the lifeline if a fall occurs. Rope grabs are used when vertical movement is required, such as work from boatswain chairs or suspended scaffolds.
Safety Harness - A safety harness is an approved design of straps which may be secured about the employee's body in a manner to distribute the fall-arrest forces over at least the thighs, pelvis, waist, chest, and shoulders, with a means for attaching it to other components of a personal fall-arrest system.
Static Line or Catenary Line - A cable or rope strung horizontally and/or vertically from one substantial object to another, providing a means of traveling between those two objects while maintaining fall protection between those objects.
Structural/Substantial Object - Any object to which a lifeline or lanyard may be attached that will support five thousand (5000) pounds (2,268 kilograms) of dead weight.
SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO FALL HAZARD MANAGEMENT
1. Fall Elimination
The first step in this approach is to assess the workplace and the work itself in the earliest design/engineering stages of the Project/Site and during the planning stages of all work. The objective is to eliminate all fall hazards. This assessment of the Project/Site and the work not only helps eliminate hazards but also identifies alternative approaches to the work that can measurably enhance productivity.
Addressing fall protection in the early phases of a Project/Site means that safety can be designed into the work process. For example, the Project/Site can be designed so that anchorages for securing fall-arrest systems are provided at strategic locations throughout the Project/Site, thus improving safety and lowering costs.
2. Fall Prevention
The second step in continuous fall protection also requires assessing the workplace and work processes.
If fall hazards cannot be completely eliminated during the first step, management must take a proactive approach to the prevention of falls by improving the workplace. Early installation of stairs, guardrails, barriers, and travel restriction systems can ensure a safe work environment.
3. Fall Arresting
The third step, the last line of defense against falls, is to use fall-arresting equipment. Use fall-arresting equipment, however, ONLY after determining that potential falls cannot be eliminated by changing work procedures or the workplace. Equipment such as harnesses, lanyards, shock absorbers, fall-arresters, lifelines, anchorages, and safety nets can reduce the risk of injury if a fall occurs. Carefully assess the workplace and work processes to select the most appropriate equipment and to install and use it correctly.
PREPARING WRITTEN FALL PROTECTION PLANS
Fall protection plans shall be prepared for elevated work if fall hazards exist. Where fall hazards are significant, the plans should be in writing. Project/Site Management is responsible for determining which jobs require written plans. The requirement for written plans should be included in all applicable contracts.
Consult your Safety Director/Manager for assistance in developing written plans.
DESIGN INSTALLATION OF FACILITIES
Engineering should include fall hazard management in all designs and should consider the following:
o Providing equipment that will allow facilities to be operated from grade level or an approved platform or maintenance access.
o Using methods of construction that allow equipment to be connected/installed while on the ground to eliminate elevated work.
o In cases where elevated work is necessary, installing fall prevention devices such as rails on the workpieces while on the ground to facilitate fall prevention.
o Specifying and insisting that fabricators supply permanent stairs and guardrails before steel is erected.
In this way, the stairs and steel can be erected simultaneously, improving not only safety, but also efficiency. Employees will have safe access and egress, and the necessity of climbing temporary ladders will be reduced or eliminated.
If fall hazard elimination or prevention is not available, identify or install engineered anchor points to facilitate the use of fall-arresting equipment during construction and future maintenance of the facility.
TRAINING
All personnel performing work at elevated positions shall meet the following requirements:
o must be trained in the use, inspection, and maintenance of fall-arrest systems;
o must demonstrate competency in initial training;
o must undergo refresher training as required by changes in the workplace and/or equipment, or as other events indicate that refresher training may be required.
PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES
When working at an elevation of six (6) feet (1.8 meters) or more above grade, floor, or approved work surfaces such as platforms and scaffolds, or when working in an area where a fall potential of greater Gate Valve than six (6) feet (1.8 meters) exists, employees will utilize a full-body harness with a roper means of attachment.
If traversing at an elevation, employees must be tied off at all times, which may require utilizing either two (2) independent shock-absorbing lanyards or a dual (Y) lanyard with a shock-absorbing device.
FULL-BODY HARNESS
All Contractors/Subcontractors will provide full-body harnesses meeting ANSI (American National Standards Institute). Safety belts are NOT allowed for fall protection.
Standard full-body harnesses are not designed for a combined personnel and tool weight in excess of three hundred (300) pounds (137 kilograms). Personnel weighing more than three hundred (300) pounds (137 kilograms), with tools, must consult the Project/Site Safety Representative prior to using fall-arresting equipment.
LANYARDS
Lanyards must meet the following requirements:
o Maximum length of a lanyard is six (6) feet (1.8 meters) in length, and it must be equipped with selflocking hooks on each end.
o The lanyard must be equipped with shock absorber.
o Snap hooks must be of a double-locking design to prevent accidental disengagement. When not in use, the lanyard must be secured and attached to the harness to prevent tripping or snagging.
o The lanyard must not be dragged.
o The lanyard must not be hooked back into itself unless designed for that purpose.
o Knots must not be tied in a lanyard. This will reduce the strength of the lanyard.
ANCHOR POINTS
Anchor points may be an existing structure, a pipe, or a temporary or permanent engineered device such as an installed eyebolt, slide rail, or cable arrangement (e.g., static line). These anchor points must be inspected daily prior to use, by a qualified inspector. Engineered anchor points must be inspected by a competent person.
Anchor points for lanyards/harnesses and vertical lifelines must meet the following requirements:
o be able to safely support one person falling six (6) feet (1.8 meters);
o be installed in a manner that prevents accidental disengagement from support structures;
o be inspected by a competent person on a periodic basis;
o be placed where attachment and detachment can be done without causing loss of balance;
o be placed above shoulder height to reduce fall distance; and
o be free of sharp edges to avoid cutting the lanyard.
The following are examples of anchor points for individuals using harnesses, lanyards or vertical lifelines:
Adequate For Use
o structural beams six (6) inches (15.24 centimeters) or greater in depth for one (1) or more people;
o pipes four (4) inches (10.16 centimeters) or greater for one (1) person;
o pipes six (6) inches (15.24 centimeters) or greater for two (2) people;
o fixed permanent ladder rails and clips for one (1) person;
o permanent platform handrail post below midrail for one (1) person.
Not Adequate For Use
o platform or scaffold handrails (except as noted above);
o scaffold ladders;
o conduit/instruments;
o any part of a valve; and
o ladder cages and rungs.
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL LIFELINES
Horizontal lifelines must be installed and used according to manufacturer's specifications. The following guidelines should also be followed:
o Softeners must be used where lifelines contact sharp edges, such as beam flanges.
o Temporary lifelines must be removed at the completion of a job.
o Anchor points, connectors, and other system components must be capable of safely supporting one (1) person falling six (6) feet (1.8 meters).
o A vertical lifeline shall be used by only one (1) person at a time.
NOTE!!! Horizontal and vertical lifelines must be inspected and maintained by a competent person on a daily basis.
ROPE GRAB
The rope grab must be used with a rope that meets or exceeds the following requirements:
o Rope grab size must match rope size;
o Minimum diameter of five-eighths (5/8) inch (1.59 centimeters) rope;
o Made of polypropylene, nylon, or polyester;
o Minimum tensile strength of five thousand (5,000) pounds (2,268 kilograms); and
o When rope grabs are used with wire rope, it must be a complete system. (Rope grab must be designed for a specific type and size of wire rope.)
RETRACTABLE LIFELINES
A retractable lifeline is a fall-arresting device used in conjunction with other components of a fall-arrest system. A retractable lifeline should be used by only one (1) person at a time.
A properly inspected and maintained retractable lifeline, when correctly installed and used within the fall arrest system, automatically stops a person's descent a short distance after the onset of an accidental fall.
Retractable lifelines should be considered for use when working in areas such as roofs and scaffolds, tanks, towers, vessels, and manholes. Also, retractable lifelines should be considered when climbing such equipment as vertical fixed ladders and telescoping derricks.
Before using a retractable lifeline, the Supervisor and/or the user must address the following:
o Has the user been trained to use a retractable lifeline correctly?
o Is the retractable lifeline being used in conjunction with a complete fall-arrest system?
o Is the equipment under a regular maintenance program?
Other considerations include:
o DO NOT USE ROPE.
o Attach self-retracting devices using shackles or carabiner.
o Equipment must be hung up or placed loosely in a clean, dry area when storing.
FALL-ARRESTING EQUIPMENT INSPECTION
Project/Site Management must ensure that documented monthly inspections are completed on all fallarresting equipment, including Gate Valve harnesses, lanyards, lifelines, and anchor points.
The inspector shall complete Form S31-2, Fall-Arresting Equipment Inspection Report, and forward the completed form to the Project/Site Safety Office or the designated person.
Prior to each use, a visual inspection shall be made of the safety harness, lifeline, and lanyard(s) by the employee who will be wearing and using the equipment.
All components of a fall-protection system must be tagged and inspected on a determined frequency. For devices that require additional certification, the devices shall be returned to the manufacturer or designated representative at the specified intervals for certification. These inspections must be documented.
If a fall should occur, Project/Site Management must perform the following:
o Remove affected fall-arresting equipment from service.
o Have the equipment inspected and approved by the manufacturer's representative, prior to returning the equipment to service.
If the equipment is unfit for further use, cut up the equipment and discard.
Inspections must be conducted in the following manner:
Webbing/Ropes/Harnesses/Lanyards/Cables
These items must be checked for the following:
o Beginning at one end, six (6) inches (15.24 centimeters) to eight (8) inches (20.32 centimeters) of the harness/lanyard must be bent into a U-shape. This helps reveal worn, cut, frayed, burned, or damaged fibers. Both splices and all straps along the entire length must be checked.
o Webbing must be carefully checked at attachment points to buckles and "D" rings.
o The shock-absorbing section of the lanyard must be checked for ripped stitches.
o The harness/lanyard must be checked for broken/frayed strands.
Buckles/"D" Rings/Connectors/Retractalock/Ropelock
These items must be checked for the following:
o rough, sharp edges;
o corrosion;
o dents or distortion; and
o freely moving parts.
NOTE!!! Also ensure that the clasp on the Ropelock or cable on the Retractalock stops with a quick pull.
Snap Hooks (Gate Locking Keepers/Gate Keeper Spring/Connectors)
These items must be checked for the following:
o Snap hooks must be double-locking and must move freely.
o Snap hooks must be checked for gaps in closure, sharp edges, burrs, distortion, cracks, corroded surfaces, and pitted surfaces.
Labels Each harness and lanyard must have a label that displays the manufacturing date. If the date is more than five (5) years from the current date, the harness or lanyard must be destroyed and a new one obtained.
WORK PRACTICES
The following are special requirements associated with working at elevated locations or while using fall arresting equipment:
o Workers must avoid climbing on equipment such as pumps, exchangers, valve hand wheels, transformers, electric motors, handrails, structures, or any other facilities not specifically designed for climbing.
o Climbing on conduit, cable trays, or other similar equipment is not permitted. Climbing of vertical beams is not permitted.
o Workers must not climb a ladder while another person is above or below on the same ladder.
Fall protection shall be utilized consistent with the specific exemptions and clarifications listed in the Fall Hazard Management Requirements Guide.
What Is a Balance Valve?
A balance valve is a valve with special functions. Its particular character is the distinction between function Butterfly Valve of use and place. In some industries, because of the pressure difference or the flow deviation in the various parts of the pipe or container, in order to reduce or balance the difference, a valve that will be installed in the related pipe or container and thus can regulate the balance of the pressure in the two sides is the so-called balance valve.
The principle for the balance valve is simple. It is a counter regulation in the valve body. When the pressure in the ingress is increased, the valve will automatically reduce the size and the variability of flow, vice versa. If the valve is connected in the opposite direction, the regulation system will never work. The valve plate for regulation is directional. The reserve pressure even can reduce or close the flow rate. The balance valve belongs to the control valves. Therefore its working principle is similar to the control valve. It regulates the flow rate through changing the gap between the case and seat and change the flowing resistance. To some degree, the valve is equal to the partial resistance which can change the restricting element.
The balance valve can be classified into two main types, namely dynamic one and static one. The principle of dynamic balance valve is to ensure that the flow rate at the end will not be affected by the pressure surge. It is very applicable for direct return pipeline and water system with variable flow rate. The dynamic valves have a lot of different types and their applications are also different. For example, dynamic electric balance valve is used in the air conditions or fresh air unit, whose function is to realize the dynamic balance of the flow rate and regulate it according to the proportional-integral. As for the static balance valve, it was very popular ten years ago, because at that time most of water systems were the direct pipeline and the flow rate is specified. But now this kind of valves is not widely used and it gradually leaves the historical stage.
As for the main features of the balance valve, they will be described Gate Valve as follow: firstly, this valve is characterized for the linear flow. Even though the pressure difference does not change before and after the valve, the flow rate and the opening of the valve are the linear relationship. Secondly, the balance valve has the accurate indication for opening degree. Thirdly, there is a lockup device for the opening degree. Anyone, except the manager, can not change the degree of opening casually.
The principle for the balance valve is simple. It is a counter regulation in the valve body. When the pressure in the ingress is increased, the valve will automatically reduce the size and the variability of flow, vice versa. If the valve is connected in the opposite direction, the regulation system will never work. The valve plate for regulation is directional. The reserve pressure even can reduce or close the flow rate. The balance valve belongs to the control valves. Therefore its working principle is similar to the control valve. It regulates the flow rate through changing the gap between the case and seat and change the flowing resistance. To some degree, the valve is equal to the partial resistance which can change the restricting element.
The balance valve can be classified into two main types, namely dynamic one and static one. The principle of dynamic balance valve is to ensure that the flow rate at the end will not be affected by the pressure surge. It is very applicable for direct return pipeline and water system with variable flow rate. The dynamic valves have a lot of different types and their applications are also different. For example, dynamic electric balance valve is used in the air conditions or fresh air unit, whose function is to realize the dynamic balance of the flow rate and regulate it according to the proportional-integral. As for the static balance valve, it was very popular ten years ago, because at that time most of water systems were the direct pipeline and the flow rate is specified. But now this kind of valves is not widely used and it gradually leaves the historical stage.
As for the main features of the balance valve, they will be described Gate Valve as follow: firstly, this valve is characterized for the linear flow. Even though the pressure difference does not change before and after the valve, the flow rate and the opening of the valve are the linear relationship. Secondly, the balance valve has the accurate indication for opening degree. Thirdly, there is a lockup device for the opening degree. Anyone, except the manager, can not change the degree of opening casually.
Friday, August 17, 2012
The way to Pick Prime quality Industrial Aluminum Products and solutions?
Development in development marketplace has created booming demand for industrial aluminum items. The anti-rust and corrosion resistance of aluminium profiles catalogue has built it a fitful substance for your manufacturing of windows and doors. However, the increasing current market also fosters aluminum merchandise of low high quality and superior selling price. How you can information buyers from this sales and profits zone and enable them identify top quality industrial aluminum merchandise? Please refer to the following recommendations.
Purchasers ought to 1st test the quality of the aluminum solutions. The thickness, strength and oxide of industrial aluminum of top of the range will coincide with related laws and specifications. Aluminum products of high quality dictate which the thickness must surpass 1.2 mm; the tensile power must achieve 157 Newton for every sq. meter; the compressive energy should arrive at no less than 108 Newton for every square meter plus the thickness on the oxide must strategy 10 microns not less than. Buyers should take note that aluminum items failing to satisfy the previously mentioned described specifications are not suited for being adopted.
Clients then should examine the processing crafts of the aluminium account devices suppliers. The numerous models of aluminum account system available while in the current market are probably to confuse prospective buyers. Sure aluminum profile program on the market is of good quality and buyers can easily identify products of good quality by examining their processing strategies. Aluminum account method of fantastic excellent is generally exquisitely processed, demanding superior set up specifications and that includes satisfactory airtight effectiveness. Industrial aluminum merchandise of awful top quality generally adopt blindly aluminum resources, suggest rough processing strategies, skip major set up procedures and undertaking disappointing airtight efficiency. Prospective buyers must have the opportunity to distinguish the difference concerning top quality product and lousy product just before issuing payment.
The past action will be to examine the cost of www.cnalustar.com . A growing range of purchasers tend to invest in aluminum on the web. Unquestionably, decreased price tag has become the motivations to promote individuals to purchase aluminum on the web. But the superior of aluminum on line can not be assured. Underneath standard circumstance, the producing of top of the range aluminum products is relatively thirty percent better than minimal top quality aluminum solution. Buyers have to be mindful when spotting aluminum items of extremely decreased price because they are quite possible to fall short to exhibit their functions just after being installed. Even though buyers are inspired from the undesirable economical crisis to acquire aluminum on the net, they need to recognize the benefit and superior of aluminum solutions are represented within the rate on the solutions. For that reason, buyers are advised to conduct comparison among aluminum products and solutions of different value ranges for the purpose of buying by far the most acceptable aluminum item of top of the range and reasonable selling price.
Purchasers ought to 1st test the quality of the aluminum solutions. The thickness, strength and oxide of industrial aluminum of top of the range will coincide with related laws and specifications. Aluminum products of high quality dictate which the thickness must surpass 1.2 mm; the tensile power must achieve 157 Newton for every sq. meter; the compressive energy should arrive at no less than 108 Newton for every square meter plus the thickness on the oxide must strategy 10 microns not less than. Buyers should take note that aluminum items failing to satisfy the previously mentioned described specifications are not suited for being adopted.
Clients then should examine the processing crafts of the aluminium account devices suppliers. The numerous models of aluminum account system available while in the current market are probably to confuse prospective buyers. Sure aluminum profile program on the market is of good quality and buyers can easily identify products of good quality by examining their processing strategies. Aluminum account method of fantastic excellent is generally exquisitely processed, demanding superior set up specifications and that includes satisfactory airtight effectiveness. Industrial aluminum merchandise of awful top quality generally adopt blindly aluminum resources, suggest rough processing strategies, skip major set up procedures and undertaking disappointing airtight efficiency. Prospective buyers must have the opportunity to distinguish the difference concerning top quality product and lousy product just before issuing payment.
The past action will be to examine the cost of www.cnalustar.com . A growing range of purchasers tend to invest in aluminum on the web. Unquestionably, decreased price tag has become the motivations to promote individuals to purchase aluminum on the web. But the superior of aluminum on line can not be assured. Underneath standard circumstance, the producing of top of the range aluminum products is relatively thirty percent better than minimal top quality aluminum solution. Buyers have to be mindful when spotting aluminum items of extremely decreased price because they are quite possible to fall short to exhibit their functions just after being installed. Even though buyers are inspired from the undesirable economical crisis to acquire aluminum on the net, they need to recognize the benefit and superior of aluminum solutions are represented within the rate on the solutions. For that reason, buyers are advised to conduct comparison among aluminum products and solutions of different value ranges for the purpose of buying by far the most acceptable aluminum item of top of the range and reasonable selling price.
Some Valuable Abilities of selecting Aluminum Profile
With the progress with the aluminum profile technology, inside the discipline of making resources, aluminum account as being a kind of material is employed increasingly. As a result of its quick processing, significant strength, light bodyweight, put on resistance, environmental defense and lengthy lifestyle, it's frequently made use of as raw products of curtain wall, windows and doorways and sealing within the development. The choice of aluminum profile has a incredibly critical impact around the superior from the important parts with the constructing, and impacts the security of tens of millions of creating buyers.
It's concluded that good household aluminum foil for sale products and solutions can assure not to lose the sunshine and change the color in twenty years, whilst weak high quality aluminum products will fade and dull after various years. Inside the time of selecting aluminum profile merchandise, these need to be famous.
Commonly to start with glance in the merchandise, there will not be obvious scratches, bubbles and other flaws about the surface. The product with brilliant and glossy coloration is 1st thing to consider. By inspecting the product or service high quality certification, output day, technical specs, technical problems, enterprise identify and creation amount, validate the eligibility from the generation enterprises so as to make sure the item excellent. For that common utilization of 70, 90 number of aluminum window profile, its thickness ought to be one.2-2.0 mm. Superior aluminum account really should be able to restore its unique state following a moderate bending with fingers. The color of your exact same aluminum alloy profile really should be regular and there shall be no dent or drum around the surface area. When picking the material, if its oxidation film on the surface area may be erased quickly following a gentle scratch, the quality of it really is poor.
Bad quality aluminum profile has these features. For that thickness of oxide movie is simply not adequate, the aluminum surface area is definitely corroded and rusted. In an effort to decrease fees, incorporation of a giant range of miscellaneous aluminum scraps will outcome in disqualification of chemical composition in the painted aluminum coil. The thickness of profile is lowered along with the closing time is lowered, which is able to degrade the potential of resistance to corrosion.
If you want to get aluminum online, a result of the limit of viewing the true aluminum goods, you should concentrate towards the adhering to factors. Within the pursuit of aluminum account procedure available for purchase, usually do not covet a budget merchandise, opt for significant purchasing malls on line, have a shut evaluate the products images, inquire some inquiries linked on the products and solutions, check out the owner's credit heritage, and many others. Following receiving the goods, meticulously inspect the items without delay. The talents of selecting buy aluminum online outlined above might be taken into consideration.
It's concluded that good household aluminum foil for sale products and solutions can assure not to lose the sunshine and change the color in twenty years, whilst weak high quality aluminum products will fade and dull after various years. Inside the time of selecting aluminum profile merchandise, these need to be famous.
Commonly to start with glance in the merchandise, there will not be obvious scratches, bubbles and other flaws about the surface. The product with brilliant and glossy coloration is 1st thing to consider. By inspecting the product or service high quality certification, output day, technical specs, technical problems, enterprise identify and creation amount, validate the eligibility from the generation enterprises so as to make sure the item excellent. For that common utilization of 70, 90 number of aluminum window profile, its thickness ought to be one.2-2.0 mm. Superior aluminum account really should be able to restore its unique state following a moderate bending with fingers. The color of your exact same aluminum alloy profile really should be regular and there shall be no dent or drum around the surface area. When picking the material, if its oxidation film on the surface area may be erased quickly following a gentle scratch, the quality of it really is poor.
Bad quality aluminum profile has these features. For that thickness of oxide movie is simply not adequate, the aluminum surface area is definitely corroded and rusted. In an effort to decrease fees, incorporation of a giant range of miscellaneous aluminum scraps will outcome in disqualification of chemical composition in the painted aluminum coil. The thickness of profile is lowered along with the closing time is lowered, which is able to degrade the potential of resistance to corrosion.
If you want to get aluminum online, a result of the limit of viewing the true aluminum goods, you should concentrate towards the adhering to factors. Within the pursuit of aluminum account procedure available for purchase, usually do not covet a budget merchandise, opt for significant purchasing malls on line, have a shut evaluate the products images, inquire some inquiries linked on the products and solutions, check out the owner's credit heritage, and many others. Following receiving the goods, meticulously inspect the items without delay. The talents of selecting buy aluminum online outlined above might be taken into consideration.
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